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Strength is the most critical factor in assessing structural tile properties for construction suitability. All fired clay tile exhibit superior performance in resisting compression stresses. Depending upon the configuration of the manufactured tile's coring, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard requires that units demonstrate compression strength in excess of 2,000 psi for horizontal coring and 3,000 psi for vertical coring. While these minimum levels assure proper firing in manufacture, strength properties of most tile production is often higher. Aesthetic characteristics of structural tile also require units to be of uniform size and shape. Stringent requirements are placed on structural tile to assure proper appearance characteristics. Limits on acceptable dimensional variations and warpage tolerances are included in the Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile Specification of ASTM C126. Two grades are available which describe the dimensional tolerances of the units. Grade S is for normal installations. Grade SS is for installations requiring the highest quality standard of appearance. If the grade is not indicated, Grade S will apply. Type I indicates a unit where only one face will be exposed. Type II indicates a unit where the two opposite faces will be exposed. Glazed
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